药 物生物利用度（%）尿排泄（%）血浆蛋白结合（%）清除率（ml·min-1·kg-1）分布容积（L/kg）半衰期（h）醋丁洛尔 acebutolol3740266.81.22.7阿昔洛韦 aciclovir15～3075153.370.692.4别嘌醇 allopurinol80～90<10<112.70.6～1.61～3阿普洛尔 alprenolol8.60.285153.32.5金刚烷胺 amantadine50～9050～90674.86.616两性霉素B amphotericin B-2～5>900.460.7618阿米卡星 amikacin-9841.30.272.3胺碘酮 amiodarone4601001.96625d阿米替林 amitriptyline48<294.811.51521.5氨苄西林 ampicillin6282181.70.281.3阿斯匹林 aspirin681.4499.30.150.25阿替洛尔 atenolol5694<52.40.956.1阿曲库铵 atracurium-<1-5.50.160.33阿托品 atropine505714～225.91.74.3硫唑嘌呤 azathioprine60<2-570.810.16倍他米松 betamethasone724.8642.91.45.6博莱霉素 bleomycin-68-1.10.273.1布美他尼 bumetanide8162992.60.130.8布比卡因 bupivacaine-2957.10.92.4咖啡因 caffeine1001.1361.40.614.9卡托普利 captopril653830120.812.2卡马西平 carbamazepine>70<1741.31.415羧苄西林 carbenicillin-82500.680.181.0头孢克洛 cefaclor-52256.10.360.67头孢氨苄 cefalexin9091144.30.260.9头孢孟多 cefamandole-96742.80.160.78头孢唑林 cefazolin-80890.950.121.8头孢哌酮 cefoperazone-2989～931.20.092.1头孢噻肟 cefotaxime-50363.70.231.1头孢拉定 cefradine>9086145.10.250.77头孢曲松 ceftriaxone-4690～950.240.167.3头孢呋辛 cefuroxime-96330.940.191.7苯丁酸氮芥 chlorambucil87<1992.60.291.3氯霉素 chloramphenicol75～9025532.40.944.0氯喹 chloroquine8961611.811541氯噻嗪 chlorothiazide9～569294.64.50.201.5氯丙嗪 chlorpromazine32〈195～988．62130氯酞酮 chlortalidone6465751.63.944西米替丁 cimetidine6262198.31.02.0环丙沙星 ciprofloxacin6065406.01.84.1顺铂 cisplatin-23-6.30.280.53氯贝特 clofibrate955.796.50.120.1113氯硝西泮 clonazepam98<1861.553.223可乐定 clonidine9562203.12.112可卡因 cocaine57<291322.00.8可待因 codeine5007112.62.9环磷酰胺 cyclophosphamide746.5131.30.787.5环孢霉素 cyclosporine23<1935.91.25.6氨苯砜 dapsone9315730.61.022地塞米松 dexamethasone782.6683.70.823.0地西泮 diazepam100<198.70.381.143洋地黄毒甙 digitoxin>9032970.0550.546.7d地高辛 digoxin7060250.88-39地尔硫 diltiazem44<478123.13.7苯海拉明 diphenhydramine721.9786.24.58.5丙吡胺 disopyramide8355-1.20.596.0多巴酚丁胺 dobutamine---590.22.4阿霉素 doxorublicin5<1579～85172530多西环素 doxycycline9341880.530.7516依那普利 enalapril4188<504.91.711依诺沙星 enoxacin79600--5红霉素 erythromycin3512849.10.781.6艾司洛尔 esmolol-<1551701.90.13乙胺丁醇 ethambutol7779<58.61.63.1乙醇 ethanol80<3--0.540.24炔雌醇 ethinylestradiol40-986.31.5～4.36～20法莫替丁 famotidine4567177.11.32.6芬太尼 fentanyl-884134.03.7氟卡尼 flecainide7043615.64.911氟氯西林 flucloxacillin494196-0.110.8氟尿嘧啶 fluorouracil28<108～12160.2511氟奋乃静 fluphenazine----2014.7～15.3呋噻米 furosemide616698.82.00.1192庆大霉素 gentamicin->90<100.820.312～3格列本脲 glibenclamide901991.50.121.6胍乙啶 guanethidine35430-60120氟哌啶醇 haloperidol6119211.81818肝素 heparin-0--0.05812肼屈嗪 hydralazine16～351～1587561.50.96氢氯噻嗪 hydrochlorothiazide71>95584.90.832.5氢化可的松 hydrocortisone-<190～95--1～2布洛芬 ibuprofen>80<1>990.750.152米帕明 imipramine40<290.1152318吲哚美辛 indometacin9815902.00.262.4胰岛素 insulin-<25-0.080.1～0.3异烟肼 isoniazid-7～2903.7～7.40.671.1～3.1硝酸异山梨酯 isosorbide dinitrate22～30<128451.50.85-单硝酸异山梨酯 isosorbide-5-mononitrate93<501.810.794.4卡那霉素 kanamycin-9001.40.262.1酮康唑 ketoconazole-<1998.42.43.3拉贝洛尔 labetalol18<550259.44.9左旋多巴 levodopa---7.7～130.8～1.12.2利多卡因 lidocaine352709.21.11.8林可霉素 lincomycin1002072-0.445锂盐 lithium1009500.350.7922洛伐他汀 lovastatin5<10955～21-1.1～1.7巯嘌呤 mercaptopurine122219110.560.9美沙酮 methadone9224891.43.835甲氨蝶呤 methotrexate7048342.10.557.2甲氧氯普胺 metoclopramide7620406.23.45.0美托洛尔 metoprolol381011154.23.2甲硝唑 metronidazole9910101.30.748.5美西律 mexiletine874～15636.34.99.2米诺环素 minocycline95～10011761.01.316米诺地尔 minoxidil-200242.73.1吗啡 morphine246～1035243.31.9纳多洛尔 nadolol3473202.91.916纳洛酮 naloxone20-222.11.1萘普生 naproxen99<199.70.130.1614新斯的明 neostigmine-67-8.40.71.3尼卡地平 nicardipine19～38<189～99.513.41.11.3硝苯地平 nifedipine500967.00.781.8硝西泮 nitrazepam78<1870.861.926硝酸甘油 nitroglycerin<1<1-2303.32.3min炔诺酮 norethisterone65-80-1.5～4.35～14诺氟沙星 norfloxacin30～4026～3215～207.23.25奥美拉唑 omeprazole-<195-0.19～0.481～2.3昂丹司琼 ondansetron60<1070～7610～122.33～3.5对乙酰氨基酚 paracetamol88305.00.952.0培氟沙星 pefloxacin1<1020～302.31.5～1.97～14青霉素G penicillin G227060-0.20.6青霉素V penicillin V60～7326～6575～89-0.50.5戊巴比妥 pentobarbital>90<135～450.8135～45哌替啶 pethidine521～2558174.43.2苯巴比妥 phenobarbital10024510.0620.5499保泰松 phenybutazone80～100196.10.0230.09756苯妥英 phenytoin90289-0.646～24吲哚洛尔 pindolol7554518.32.33.6哌拉西林 piperacillin-7116～482.60.180.93吡罗昔康 piroxicam-<599.30.0360.1548哌唑嗪 prazosin68<1953.00.62.9泼尼松龙 prednisolone822690～958.71.52.2泼尼松 prednisone803753.60.973.6普鲁卡因胺 procainamide8367162.71.93.0异丙嗪 promethazine--70～80181312普罗帕酮 propafenone3～40<197--9～25(PM) 3～8(EM)普萘洛尔 propafenone26<0.587164.33.9乙胺嘧啶 pyrimethamine-65870.412.983奎尼丁 quinidine8018874.72.76.2雷尼替丁 ranitidine52691510.41.32.1利福平 rifampin-7893.50.973.5东莨菪碱 scopolamine276-161.42.9索他洛尔 sotalol606054-0.79链激酶 streptokinase-0-0.150.0161.4链霉素 streptomycin-50～60481.20.252.6磺胺嘧啶 sulfadiazine10057540.550.299.9磺胺异恶唑 sulfafurazole964991.40.330.156.6磺胺甲恶唑 sulfamethoxazol10014620.320.2110.1舒林酸 sulindac-099.41.5215特布他林 terbutaline1456203.41.814硫喷妥 thiopental-<1853.92.39.0替卡西林 ticarcillin-92652.00.211.3噻马洛尔 timolol5015607.32.14.1妥布霉素 tobramycin-90<100.980.332.2甲苯磺丁脲 tolbutamide930960.240.105.9氨苯蝶啶 triamterene5452616313.44.2筒箭毒碱 tubocurarine-63501.90.392.0万古霉素 vancomycin-79301.40.395.6维库溴铵 vecuronium bromide-18303.02.11.5维拉帕米 verapamil22<3901554.0华法林 warfarin93<2990.0450.1437

本表资简化自①A.G.Gilman et al(ed):Goodman and Gilman’s Thepharmacological basis of therapeuties. 8th ed.Macmillan,1990:1655～1715.

②Melmon K.L.andMorrelli:Clinical pharmacology.3rd ed.Mcgraw-Hill,1992:1029～1072.

③Herfindal E.T.etal:Clinical pharmacy and Therapeutics.3rd ed.1992:364～368.